A tooth that has died, also known as a non-vital tooth, is a tooth that is no longer kept alive through a blood supply. This results in the pulp dying, the pulp is the soft tissue, nerves, and blood vessels, which keep the tooth healthy and looking bright in appearance.
Spotting a dead tooth
A dead tooth can appear dulled or dark in appearance; discolouration is common in the case of a dead tooth, turning it black or grey. This discolouration happens as the pulp dies and the tissues in it begin to decay, often becoming darker the longer it is left to decay.
Some of the physical symptoms associated with a dead tooth include:
- A toothache is a common symptom of a dying tooth.
- Painful or swollen gums.
- Sensitivity can be an indicator of a dying tooth and can be exacerbated by hot and cold food and drink. Loss of sensation altogether can also point to a dying tooth.
- A persistent bad-smelling breath.
- Abscesses can occur besides dying teeth; these are pus-filled lumps that are the result of an infection below the gum.
What can cause a dead tooth?
A dead tooth can be caused by a number of issues that lead to the tooth dying; most often, it is the result of damage from decay or trauma.
When the pulp becomes exposed through a cavity or crack, it can become infected, and if it is unable to repair itself, it can cause the pulp to decay. Injuries which cut the blood supply to the tooth can also lead to the tooth dying.
Treating a dead tooth
When caught in the early stages of internal decay, the tooth may be able to be saved with root canal treatment. Removing all the affected and decayed pulp and filling the tooth’s internal cavity with a biocompatible product to provide structure and help to limit infection.
When the extent of the damage from the decay has progressed too far, the dentist may suggest extraction as the only appropriate solution. In the event of an extraction, dentures, implants, and bridges can be explored to restore the smile.
What to do if you think you have a dead tooth?
Contact your dentist if you have concerns about a tooth that may be dying. Symptoms that persist for more than a few days are often a sign of an underlying issue. A non-vital tooth needs to be professionally treated in order to prevent any infection from spreading into the gums or jawbone.