TMJ Disorder

What is TMJD?

TMJ disorder, or temporomandibular joint disorder, refers to a condition affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) acts as a hinge, connecting the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull. It enables essential movements like talking, chewing, and yawning. When this joint and its neighbouring structures become disrupted or damaged, it can lead to TMJ disorder.

Symptoms of TMJD

TMJ disorder can manifest in many ways, causing discomfort and affecting daily activities. One of the most common symptoms is jaw pain. The pain may be localized to one or both sides of the jaw and can range from mild to severe. Often the pain extends to the neck and temples but it can be difficult for the patient to pinpoint its origin. Individuals with TMJD can also experience clicking, popping, or grating sounds when opening or closing their mouths. These sounds may or may not be accompanied by pain.

Headaches and earaches are also common symptoms of TMJD. The pain can radiate to the temples, ears, and even the neck and shoulders. Difficulty in chewing or a feeling of the jaw being locked or stuck in an open or closed position may occur. Some individuals may experience muscle stiffness or tenderness in the jaw and facial muscles, making it challenging to move the jaw freely.

What is the most common cause of TMJD?

The cause of TMJ disorder is often multifactorial and can be challenging to pinpoint. However, several factors contribute to its development. Genetic predisposition plays a role. Jaw injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, can disrupt the proper functioning of the temporomandibular joint. Trauma from accidents, sports-related injuries, or even excessive teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism) can strain the jaw joint and lead to TMJ symptoms.

Stress and anxiety is a major factor contributing to TMJ disorder. When individuals experience elevated levels of stress, which can originate from simply high levels of intellectual effort, they may unknowingly clench their jaws or tighten their facial muscles, putting undue pressure on the chewing muscles and on the temporomandibular joint. Additionally, arthritis, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, can affect the joint and lead to TMJ-related pain and inflammation.

Other potential contributing factors include recreational drug usage and hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, and habits like nail-biting or chewing on pens or pencils.

How do you treat TMJD?

Treating TMJ disorder typically involves a combination of self-care practices and professional interventions. Self-care measures can include eating soft foods, applying moist heat or cold packs to the affected area, and avoiding extreme jaw movements like wide yawning or biting into hard objects. Stress management techniques, such as relaxation exercises or counselling, can help alleviate TMJ symptoms associated with stress and anxiety. Avoiding unnecessary movements of the jaws during the day, like clenching, tapping the teeth together, chewing on pens, can make a big difference in the symptoms.

Pain medications, including over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may supply temporary relief from TMJ-related pain and inflammation. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using any medications.

Botox injections on the chewing muscles can be very effective in reducing the symptoms but its effects are only temporary.

A dentist or oral surgeon may recommend dental splints or mouthguards to help alleviate TMJ symptoms. These oral appliances are custom-made and fit over the teeth to supply support, reduce grinding or clenching, and can improve jaw alignment and reprogram the muscles, at least in the short term. Physical therapy exercises, including jaw stretching and strengthening exercises, can help relieve muscle tension and improve jaw mobility.

In severe cases where conservative treatments do not supply relief, surgical intervention may be considered. However, surgery is typically reserved for cases of significant joint damage or structural abnormalities affecting the temporomandibular joint.

In conclusion, TMJ disorder can cause jaw pain, clicking or popping sounds, headaches and difficulty chewing. Trauma, stress, arthritis and dental conditions can contribute to its development. Management of most TMJ disorder involves self-care practices accompanied by a dental professional. Medication, physical therapy exercises and botox can be useful.  In severe cases, surgical options can be discussed. If you experience TMJ symptoms, it is important to seek dental evaluation and guidance for a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.