What is internal bleaching?
Internal bleaching lightens a tooth from the inside. Rather than applying gel to the outside of the enamel, the bleaching agent is placed within the tooth itself, in the space left after root canal treatment, and left to work from the centre outwards.
It exists because ordinary whitening cannot fix the problem it solves. When a single tooth darkens after root canal treatment or trauma, the discolouration comes from inside the tooth, not from surface staining. Whitening the outside of that tooth does very little, and whitening the whole arch simply makes the dark tooth stand out more clearly against its brighter neighbours.
Why teeth discolour
Surface staining from tea, coffee, red wine and tobacco sits on the enamel and affects all your teeth roughly equally. That responds to conventional whitening. A single dark tooth is a different problem entirely. It usually follows root canal treatment, where the removal of the pulp changes the tooth from the inside, or trauma, where bleeding within the tooth leaves pigment behind. Old restorative materials can also darken a tooth over years. In every case the discolouration is intrinsic, which is why it needs to be treated from within.
What are the options for a dark tooth?
There are three realistic routes, and they differ enormously in how much tooth they cost you.
Internal bleaching treats the discolouration at its source. Nothing is drilled away, nothing healthy is removed, and if it works you keep your own tooth looking like your own tooth. It is by far the most conservative option and by far the cheapest.
A veneer covers the front of the tooth. It works, but it requires enamel to be removed permanently, and a dark tooth underneath can still show through a thin porcelain facing unless the veneer is made opaque, which affects how natural it looks.
A crown covers the tooth entirely. It reliably masks the colour but costs the most tooth structure of all, and a root-treated tooth is already weaker than a healthy one.
Our position is straightforward: try the conservative option first. If internal bleaching gives you the result, you have saved your tooth, your money and your time. If it does not, the other options are still open. That order does not work in reverse.
How does internal bleaching work?
The tooth must already have had root canal treatment, and that treatment must be sound, which we check with an X-ray before starting. A small access opening is made at the back of the tooth, so nothing is touched on the visible surface. The root filling is sealed off to protect it, the bleaching agent is placed inside the tooth, and a temporary seal is placed on top.
The agent works over several days, and you return for it to be assessed and refreshed. Most cases take around three sessions, which is why the fee covers three. Each appointment takes roughly 90 minutes. Once the shade is right, the access cavity is filled permanently with composite matched to the tooth, and you are done. There is no recovery time at any stage.
What makes treatment successful?
Three things matter. The root canal treatment must be sound, since bleaching a tooth with an underlying infection is both futile and unwise. The tooth must be structurally sound enough to be worth saving in this form rather than crowned. And your expectations need to be calibrated, which is why we record the starting shade properly and assess against it rather than relying on memory. Not every tooth lightens to a perfect match, and we would rather tell you that at the start.
Advantages of internal bleaching
- Conservative. No enamel removal, no drilling of the visible surface, no crown.
- Cost-effective. A fraction of the price of a veneer or crown.
- Preserves your tooth. A root-treated tooth is already weakened, and this takes nothing further from it.
- Nothing is closed off. If it does not work, veneers and crowns remain available.
- No recovery time, at any stage.
What happens afterwards?
The tooth may relapse slightly over the years, and it can be re-treated if it does. Because the shade change is intrinsic, it is generally stable, and it does not need the ongoing maintenance that surface whitening does. Keep up your normal hygiene routine and check-ups, and be aware that the composite sealing the access cavity behaves like any other white filling: it can stain over time and can be polished or replaced.
One point worth planning around: if you intend to whiten your other teeth as well, tell us at the start, so we can sequence the two treatments and match the final shades to each other rather than chasing a moving target.